IMPORTANCE OF NETWORK GENERATION, INTERNET, PROTOCOL, WIFI AND HTTPS IN COMPUTERS
What is Wi-Fi and how it works ?
Wireless Fidelity • Wi-Fi is a wireless networking protocol. Wi-Fi has the IEEE 802.11 standard. IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Range of Wi-Fi: 250 m .
A total of four different Wi-Fi standards have come into existence over time.
802.11a
802.11b
802.11g
802.11n
802.11a : The lowest data rate is 6 Mbps to 54 Mbps and its signal reach is only 120 meters.
802,111 : The highest data rate is 15 Mbps to 150 Mbps and its signal reach is 250 meter is HSPA. Wi-Max: Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. Wi-Max has the IEEE 802.16 standard. IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Range of Wi-Max: 40 km Mobile Internet Connection. Mobile Internet connection uses a USB data card in a personal computer or laptop. Data card is also known as plug and play device, dongle or connect Card. It provides smooth and fast internet with speed up to 7 Mbps. IOS : Internet Over Satellite. Internet service is provided through satellite. Typical optimal speeds for HOS connections range from 492 to 12 Kbps.
Repeater : Amplifies a weak data signal. The function of an amplifier is also similar to that of a repeater. Hub The function of a hub is similar to that of a repeater. A signal sent by a computer meets the hub. The hub creates a powerful signal and sends it to the other computer. Mainly used in star topology. Bridge • Bridge is used to connect two different LANs or two same network segments. • Useful for controlling the traffic in the network. Switch • A switch connects different computers to a network. MAC address is used. MAC : Media Access Control Modem. MODEM : Modulator Demodulator. Connects computer to network through telephone. The process of converting an analog signal into a digital signal is called 'Demodulation'. Computer j Minut CON SFERRED JUL Digital signal Modulation / Demodulation Modern Telophone line Analog signal Modern Ethernet Card. Ethernet Card is also called 'NIC' (Network Interface Card).
It is mandatory to have NIC for network connection. Gate Way : Gate Way is also called 'Protocol Converter'. A gateway performs the conversion from one protocol to another. = Router 0 The device that sends the information beyond the current location in the computer network is called 'Router'. Performs data routing. Sunn Digitalsistanl Computer.
INTERNET : INTERconnection + NETwork
What is Internet and its type ? :
Interconnected Network e Internet International Network e Internet means Super Network Internet means Meta Network. A network of networks is the Internet. Father of Internet: Vint Cerf. Network started in India in 1986 AD. Internet was launched in India on 15 August 1995. Internet service provider is called 'ISP' (Internet Service Provider). VSNL was the first to provide internet service in India and launched GIAS service. VSNL : Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited. GIAS : Gateway Internet Access Service Mogna St. BSNL was the first largest internet service provider in India. BSNL : Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited Types of Internet Connection.
What is ISDN and its application ?
Integrated Services Digital Network 0 This connection is also known as 'dial up connection'. ISDN dial up connections operate at speeds of 128 kbit and 256 kbit. Leased Line. Direct Internet Access • Leased Line: Direct Internet Access - Permanent type of connection is a permanent connection usually used by large educational institutions, commercial organizations and government systems Broadband connection Dial up connection.
• The most basic type of Internet connection. Dial up Connection is made through Modem. A telephone line is used for internet connection. Variable uplink works at speeds of 14.4 kbit, 28.8 kbit and 56 kbit. ISDN dial up connection 0 Broadband connection uses a telephone line, 0 Broadband connection provides high speed Internet service. Technology: DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) wireless connection - Radio wave and microwave are used in wireless connection. 7 provides Wi-Fi and Wi-Max service in wireless connection.
What's the difference between 2G 3G 4G and 5G ?
1G: First Generation : Signal: Analog O Only calls could be made. SMS and MMS could not be done. Data Speed: 19.2 Kbps SMS: Short Message Service MMS: Multimedia Messaging Service 26 2G: Second Generation Signal: Digital. The service of SMS and MMS was also increased. Emergence of GSM and CDMA. GSM : Global System For Mobile CDMA : Code Division Multiple Access. Data Speed : 1.2 Mbps Mobile Network 2.56 Emergence of GPRS. Theoretical Speed: 115 Kbps. Actual Practical Speed: 30-40 Kbps 2.75 6. Origin of EDGE 20 EDGE: Enhanced Data Rates for GSM 36. 3G: Third Generation Six Mobile Broadbands were used. Origin of UMTS UMTS : Universal Mobile Telecommunications System. Video calling facility became available. Data Speed : 3 Mbps.
Origin of 3.5 G HSPA HSPA : High Speed Packet Access Two Types of HSPA : HSDPA and HSUPA. HSDPA : High Speed Downlink Packet Access HSUPA : High Speed Uplink Packet Access 4 G 4G : Origin of Fourth Generation LTE. LTE : Long Term Evolution Upload Speed: 50 Mbps Download Speed: 100 Mbps 5 G. 5G: Fifth Generation South Korea launched the world's first national 5G network. Samsung launched the world's first 5G phone in South Korea.
Why are protocols important?
Protocol means a set of rules TCP. TCP: Transmission Control Protocol is a protocol used for the transport service of data. Establishes connection between transmitter and receiver before data transmission. IP IP: Internet Protocol Each computer on the network is assigned a unique number, this number is called an 'IP address'. Contains IP Addressing System. 3 IP has 2 versions: IP V4 and IP V6 IPV4 2IP V4 has 4 parts. 0 Each part: 8bits Thus, IP V4 is made up of 32 bits. btes) 0 IP V4 addresses use decimal digits. IP V6. IP V6 consists of 128 hits. IP V6 addresses use hexadecimal digits. Two Co ventir Trans.
What is HTTP and why is it needed?
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. HTTP is a method of following hyperlinks on a webpage. When searching for a website, the process starts with http. Request is sent to the webserver through http. The webserver accepts the request and delivers it in HTML form. https stands for Secure Connection. HTML → HTML: Hyper Text Mark-up Language Requests are sent to the webserver using http. The webserver accepts the request and delivers it in HTML form. We can see the information sent from the server thanks to the HTML. PPP a PPP: Point to Point Protocol. PPP is used to establish a direct connection between two computers. SMTP. SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. SMTP: Protocol used for sending E-mail POP. POP: Post Office Protocol. POP: Protocol used for receiving E-mail. IMAP works the same as POP. IMAP : Internet Message Access Protocol.
What is VoIP and how does it work?
Voice Over Internet Protocol. When we call through internet it is called 'VOIP CALL'. Using Voice Over Internet Protocol technology allows messages to be sent over an IP network instead of the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network). WAP e WAP : Wireless Application Protocol WAP : Wireless Application Point. WAP : Protocol used for wireless internet connection SNMP. SNMP : Simple Network Management Protocol. SNMP : Protocol used for network management.
