Computer: From the point of view of history And Generation Of Computer
computer is a loose language word. Computer has been merged in Gujarati. Computer powered electronic. The basic purpose of computer invention is quick calculation abacus. specially originated in China 5000 years ago with abacus. The first mantra to count with is composed of rows of strings embedded in the mantra.10 beads were strung on a string attached to the eye.
Napier's bonze :
A Scottish mathematician named John Napier invented a tool for multiplication. It became known as 'Napier's Bones'. Pear's bone is a set of splints cut from bone. Each padi has four sides. Multiplication can be obtained by placing two bars side by side, thus having the digits 0 to 9 marked on them.
Sliderule :
An English mathematician named William Ottid invented the sliderule in 1620 AD. Sliderule consists of two bars. Arranged in such a way that the seeds can be slid on a bar. Numbers are written on the bar. No Sang With its help, multiplication, division and more complex calculations can be done easily, quickly and accurately by sliding the bars.
Pascaline :
In 1642, the French scientist Blaise Pascal invented a machine for addition and subtraction called 'Pascalline'. 0 Pascaline is made up of chakras arranged on different horizontal axes. Which wheel rotates with the help of a mutual donor.
First Mechanical Calculator / Basic Calculator: Pascaline.
It became known as the 'multiplier' wheel. 0 Multiplier wheel is also called 'Step Reckoner' machine.
Inventor of Binary Digit (0/1): Gottkid Liebbi
Multiplier Wheel :
In AD 1674-1690, a German mathematician named Gottfid Liebinz improved Pascaline and developed a new machine. Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and square root could be calculated on it.
Jacquard Loom :
Invented in 1801 Absorbent Safe Mary Jewdance). This is a yambutu in which zied cards were used to create designs on cloth.
Difference Engine :
In 1822, Charles Babbage designed a model named Finch Engine which was capable of calculating the stop anchor of a person.
Analytical Engine :
In 1833, a Scottish mathematician named Charles Babbage designed a calculating machine called Analytical Engine and developed the first computer. which had an arithmetic unit for performing calculations and a structure for storing results and instructions. is The technology of today's computers and computers provide this analytical engine technology.
Because of this contribution,
Charles Babbage is known as the 'Father of Advanced Computers'.
Computer Program First Computer Programmer: Lady Eddie Augusta
Created the first program in the Analytical Engine.
Tabulating Machine :
In 1890 AD, an American statistician named Herman Hollerith designed a machine powered by electricity. It is called 'Tactulating Machine'. Punch cards were used to enter data and numbers in the machine. Hermon Holethy is also credited with the invention of the punch card. Which was used in the U.S.A. Census.
IBM company formed to store data, IBM International Business Machines Also, WANDER TO KNOW: in 1936, Alan Turing invented the Universal Computing Machine. Which is also known as Universal Turing Machine. Alan Turing is also known as 'father of modern computer due to his contribution to the creation of modern computer. B ref To Know: 2 In the 1940s, John von Neumann discovered a way to write instructions in sign language. He was instrumental in the development of the first embedded computer.
Generations of Computer :
First Generation (1945-1955) :
The first generation of Deputers started with ENIAG. PENIAC was founded in 1946 at the University of Pennsylvania.
First electronic calculator: ENIAC ENIAC; Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer ENIAC : Electrical Numerical Integrator And Calculator About 18000 vacuum tubes were used in ENIAC. Vacuum tube is called 'Niti Nalika' in Gujarati. Around 1920 AD the vacuum tube, an electrical instrument, was invented. Can do up to 5000 sums and up to 500 multiplications of two sums in one second, Then came IBM UNIVAC-1 in 1951 AD,
First commercial business purpose computer: UNIVAC-1 UNIVAC : Universal Automatic Compute.
Inventor of ENIAC and UNIVAC: John W. Mauchly and J. Presper
Language: Machine Language (Binary Language)
First Generation Computers: ENIAC, EDVAC, EDSAC, UNIVAC-1, UNIVAC-II, Mark-1, Mark-II, IBM.
Features:
Use of vacuum tubes 0 sizes large. A large amount of power was required to turn it on. Slower speed and less efficient. Use of punch cards not commercially viable .
Second generation (1955-1965) :
Second generation computers used transistors to overcome problems caused by vacuum tubes. The transistor was 200 times smaller than the vacuum tube. 0 Inventor of Transistor: William Shockley.
Language: Assembly Language
• Mnemonic Codes (Mnemonic Codes - symbolic symbols) or symbols (Symbols) are used in assembly language.
• Assembler; Converts assembly language to machine language.
• Second generation computers: IBM 1000, IBM 1404, IBM 1620, UNIVAC-III.
Characteristics:
Use of transistors - Faster cores than first generation computers Smaller high-level language than previous ones.
Third generation (1965-1980) :
Third generation computers used ICs instead of transistors. ic Integrated Circuit inventor of IS: which is made of Kalbi and Robot Nois-IC silicon.
Silicon is a semiconductor.
Silicon Valley of India: Bangalore (Karnataka)
Language: High Level Language (FORTRAN, COBOL, ALGOL). First High Level Language. FORTRAN : Formula Translation First high level language used in business : COBOL
COBOL : Common Business Oriented Language ALGOL ; Algorithmic Language
Translator used to convert high level language into machine language.
Third generation computers: IBM 360, IBM 370, Barrogh 5700, Barrogh 6700, Barrogh 7700, PDF 8, PDP 11.
Characteristics:
Use of integrated circuits • Easy to use • Small in size • Suitable for business use .
Fourth Generation (1980-1989) :
The fourth generation of computers used very large amounts of ICs, so they were called 'VLSI'. Usage : LSI + VLSI + Microprocessor LSI : Large Scale Integration VLSI : Very Large Scale Integration . Due to VLSI technology, millions of electronic components can be placed on a tiny microprocessor chip.
This small chip is called 'Microprocessor Chip'. Microprocessor Chip controls the entire functions of the computer. Microprocessor Chip was invented by Ted Hoff in 1969. First Microprocessor – Intel 4004
• Language : High Level Language – C , C ++ , JAVA , SQL
Inventor of C language: Dennis Ritchie Inventor of C++ language - John Straussup Inventor of JAVA language: James Gosling
The fourth generation programming language was designed in such a way that allocation could be used by simply specifying what to do. The fourth generation of computers also gave rise to supercomputers. Computer network technology also spread during this period. Development of GUI made computer usage easier. (GUI) Graphical User Interface
4th Generation Computer : IBM PC, Apple-ll, CRAY
Characteristics :
• Use of VLSI Circuits • Rapid development of machine application for various tasks which is action responsive Easy to use in network for personal work Can be done.
Fifth generation (1989- till date) :
Use: ULSI + SLSI + Artificial Intelligence.
ULSI: Ultra Large Scale Integration
SLSI : Super Large Scale integration
Fifth generation computers: IBM notebook, Pentium PCs, Param 10000 Sophia. (Saudi Arabia)
Features:
Artificial Intelligence skills included 0 Portable and ultra-modern • Extremely high processing speed • Very user-friendly interaction, network connectivity Very easy Remember.
Like Jarawa: In 1949, two binary computers EDVAC and EDSA came into existence. Both of these are computer program based work, which was its biggest feature. EDVAG : Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer : gDSAC : Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator
• In which the answer of the sum of two numbers in EDVAC was found in microseconds and the answer of multiplication was found in 2.9 milliseconds. To Know: Before the Second World War, a German engineer named Konrad S made an electrical calculation machine using a vacuum tube.
During World War II, a special machine named Colossus was built in England. It was used to discover the codes of the German army's wireless messages.
