Which section defines environment under EPA 1986?
(Environment: An Introduction)
Definition and its explanation All organisms are constantly interacting with their environment consisting of air, light, water and different types of microbes. Atmosphere (Air) Definition of environment according to Environment Act 1986 : Environment includes the physical and biological conditions surrounding an organism from all sides and the interaction with it. Involves reciprocal actions. Structure of environment and its components Environmental components are interrelated but for easy understanding they can be divided into 3 main parts.
Abiotic Components (Physical Components) Abiotic components can include atmosphere, sediments, soil, minerals, mountains etc. All these abiotic components have an effect on the habitat, clothing, food etc. of the organisms. e.g. Mustard oil and ghee are commonly consumed in the tropical region, because in the tropical region there is more wear and tear on the joints in the human body so viscosity is necessary to maintain the proper movement of the joints. Atmosphere The covering of air surrounding the earth is called 'atmosphere'. Structure of Atmosphere: Atmosphere consists of solid, liquid and gaseous elements. The atmosphere mainly consists of fine particles, alkali particles, ice particles, insects, water, various gases and moisture. CQ, is the heaviest gas. It is more common up to 20 km above the surface.
It is known that 99% air is contained in the atmospheric layer up to a height of about 32 km from the earth's surface. Hence the atmosphere near the surface is dense and becomes thinner as we go higher. IM Stratification of the atmospheric Due to temperature changes experienced above the surface 4 layers are formed. Troposphere Troposphere (Between the Tropics and Tropics) Temperate Tropics (67.5°N, 67.5°S) Cold Tropics (N.Pole, S.Pole) Is the first layer on Earth's surface. Average : Located up to 16 km altitude. Gases: 75% of the total gases are contained in this layer.
The height of the depression is different in different places of the earth. 16 km altitude of the belt region. As you know, the altitude of the equator decreases from the equator to the poles. 12 km. 08 km. Meteorite Weather Atmospheric Wind Warming Rocket Flight Mesotrope Isothermal Mantle T Jet Plane Sobha Mantle 0 Atmosphere Stratification 40 miles 60 km 50 km- Isothermal 40 km 30 miles 30Km- 20km -10 miles 10 km Sobhasima 20 miles Xhobhasima The surface above the Xhobhavan where the temperature stops decreasing, the boundary where the concentration of gas decreases by 2. Suitable for flying airplanes.
Effect on water level:
In hot summer season: seen up to higher altitudes. In cool season of winter: Found up to low altitude. The temperature decreases (1 km = 6.5 °C) with increasing height from the earth's surface. This decrease in temperature in the cooling is called lapse rate. Stratosphere 50 km after subduction. Up to Constant Temperature (Isotherm) The surface above the tropopause where the temperature stops decreasing is called the 'Tropopause'. The air temperature in this boundary region is almost stable. Air circulation slows down.
This area is very convenient for flying planes. Isothermal mantle is useful for jet aircraft flight. Seasons are not felt, clouds, whirlwinds, frosts are not felt. In this layer, the temperature increases with elevation. At the limit of 50 km the temperature stops increasing, it is called stratopause. 8 The ozone layer is located in this layer. (Seen up to 32-48 km) which absorbs the sun's ultraviolet rays (wavelength below 4000 A °) Mesosphere The part of the atmosphere above the isothermal mantle up to a height of about 50 to 80 km is called the mesosphere. Temperature decreases with increasing height. At an altitude of 80 km, the temperature stops decreasing, which is called the mesopause. Temperature is -100° to -90°C.
Thermosphere :
The layer above the middle layer from 80 km to the end of the atmosphere the air is ionized due to the impact of the ultraviolet rays of the sun, so this layer is also called 'lonosphere'. Temperature-Bhushan (Inversion of Temperature): in some circumstances, if the temperature of the atmosphere rises instead of decreasing, that process is called temperature-inversion. For this, the effect of long winter night, still air, clear sky, windless night, frosty regions etc. As the temperature rises, it increases. Due to ionization, auroras are sometimes seen in the polar region.
A mantle useful for communication The atmosphere near the surface cools very quickly and during that period the upper layers of the atmosphere are relatively warm. Such a situation is called inversion temperature. Such a temperature gradient is experienced in the north and south polar ice regions, high mountain regions as well as valley regions. Precipitation includes all types of water sources such as rivers, seas, lakes, springs, glaciers and ground water. 97% of the Earth's water is in the oceans. 2% of water is stored as ice at the polar regions 0.001% as water vapor in the atmosphere. Only 1% of the water on earth is found as fresh water in rivers, lakes, springs etc. Which can be used by humans. Plants contain 40% water compared to other substances. Note: Sea level is measured in fathoms. 1 fathom = 6 feet (about 1.8 meters).
Soil The uppermost layer of the earth's solid surface that is made up of mineral and inorganic matter is called soil. The average density of the crust is 5.27 gm/cm'. Which is formed by the process of sedimentation and erosion going on for centuries. Depending on the different types of soil, the agriculture, vegetation, forest area of that area is determined which has a great impact on the economic life of the people.
Biosphere Plants and other organisms together form the biosphere. This is a complex area of the earth. Where land, water, air together make life possible. Weather The actual condition of the atmosphere for a short period of time is called weather. Weather can be any period of time, morning, afternoon, evening, night or day, the basis of weather is temperature, humidity, rain, air pressure, fog, amount of cloud etc. on television and radio.
The countries of the world record the daily weather of their region, report it and broadcast it on weather maps. India Meteorological Department, headquartered in Delhi, publishes daily weather reports and maps of the entire country twice a day. Issues Environment Q Watershed Bio-Environment
