What is The Relationship Between Historians And Archaeologists?
Journey from Adimanav to Permanent Life :
Jayveer along with his family was traveling by train from Gandhinagar to Jamnagar. Sitting near the window, he saw trees, bullock carts, camels, rickshaws, buses, trucks, tractors on the road. He asked his uncle, when did this traffic begin? His uncle put his hand on his back and said, the railway we travel in India has been running for about one and a half hundred years and bullock carts are the oldest vehicles you see on the road. Before that, humans of thousands of years ago did not have any means of transportation. He used to go from one place to another on foot. Primitives – Wandering Life Primitives are humans of very ancient times.
About twenty thousand years ago primitive people lived a wandering life and spent their time hunting. This state of humans is called Hunter and Gatherers. They hunted forest animals like deer, fish and birds and collected tubers and fruits for food. However, all this was not easy. Sometimes wild animals attack primitive people. Also, because some animals were very fast in running, they did not easily fall into the hands of primitive humans, so primitive humans used to wander from one place to another and from another to third place in search of food.
At this time, man got the knowledge of which fruit or tuber to eat and which not to eat, because many plants were poisonous, causing the death of man. Since animals like deer, sheep-goats can be easily killed, primitive people used to wander from one place to another in search of them. Also, since water is a necessity of life, they lived where water was available.
Aborigines in India: Archaeologists, anthropologists and historians have together discovered many Aborigines in India. At the same time, the information about the tools used by them has also been discovered. They used stone and wooden weapons and tools, sometimes bone tools. This period is called the Stone Age as hunter-gatherer and wandering humans were associated with stone technology. Stone Age Weapons The stones shown in Figure 2.1 were used to chop plants and skin animals. Primitives used tree bark and animal skins to cover their bodies.
Look carefully at the places shown in the map. You will find that many places in India are inhabited by primitive people. Few places are shown in the map but evidence of their habitation has been found in many places in India. They prefer to live in places where there is good and abundant supply of stones, wood and water. They lived in natural caves to protect themselves from rain and wild animals.
Many such places have been found in the Vindhya Range in Central India. Such sites have also been found in the region around Narmada river. Bhimbetka (Madhya Pradesh) has been found to be an excellent site for the habitation of primitive people. About 500 paintings of birds, deer, wooden spears, trees, humans, painted with natural colors have been found in its caves.
Ash remains from a prehistoric cave found in Kurnool, South India, show that they may have been familiar with fire. About 11,000 years ago, man started using fire. Historians say that. The use of fire revolutionized his life. Because with the help of fire they could roast and eat meat, used fire to get light and by using it they could protect themselves from wild animals. Discuss in today's life we are going without fire? What revolution would the discovery of the wheel have made in early life? Like the use of fire, the wheel was a medium that brought about an important change in his life. They learned to make chakra (wheel) from tree trunks and thick wood.
Changing Environment: About 12,000 years ago, the world's climate changed drastically. In many regions of the world, vegetation and grasslands have emerged as temperatures rise. As a result, the number of herbivorous animals like deer, sheep, goats started to increase. He began to study the manners of such animals and thus his mental development also began. Due to changes in climate, they came into contact with grasses, trees, plants as well as wheat, barley and other grains. Women - men and children used to collect grains by using stones. These works of curiosity slowly started agriculture in India. People started using stone to grow grain.
Grains began to grow around the banks of the river and gradually as agriculture started they started living in mud-mud-grass houses around the grain growing and gradually their wandering life ended and a settled life began. The first companion or friend of his permanent life was the dog. Gradually he started adjusting with them too. They used to protect such domestic animals from the wild animals of the forest. Thus they got involved in animal husbandry along with agriculture. However, since when they used animals for milk, research is being done.
Sedentary life: Food, shelter, clothing: The beginning of agriculture and animal husbandry changed the primitive man from a wandering life to a settled life. We know that agricultural sites cannot be abandoned because crops take time to grow, require water, and when crops are ready, grain plants have to be cut and harvested. This process started a permanent life in India. He also started making earthen pots - pots etc. for storing grains. Now with the end of the wandering life, there was a vast change in their food, dress and residence.
They ate wheat, barley and animal meat as well as fish and fruits around their settlement. Gara - living in mud and grass houses. Farming. Agricultural implements made from stones. Which includes puri, chisel, chisel. The table below shows such places in India. Where grains, habitations, tools and remains of animals have been found.
Among the sites discovered by archaeologists are Burjhom, Shukral, Hurangi, Mehrgarh, Langhanj and Bhimbetka, we get information about human settlement and their animal husbandry. From places like Mehrgarh (now Pakistan) and Inamgaon, we also get information about his house and farm. They grew grains like barley and millet. Sharp stone tools have been found at places like Mehrgarh and Inamgam which may have been used in their agriculture. Mehrgarh can be considered the most ancient village of India in ancient times. You see Mehrgarh in the map. Here people started the cultivation of barley and wheat. They reared sheep and goats. Cultivating, storing grain.
Animal bones have also been found here. They lived in rectangular houses. Small barns for storing grains have also been found in these houses. According to the evidence found in Mehrgarh, they used to bury the dead with respect. Many such evidences have been found from here. Evidence has been found that a goat was also buried along with a human being at one place.
This indicates the concept or belief of their life after death. Similarly, a place called Inamgam has been found in Maharashtra. From where the remains of the children's bodies have been found. They lived in circular houses, reared cattle and cultivated millet and barley as agricultural crops.
