What Are Input And Output Devices Of Computer ? And Computer Hardware
Computer Hardware : The part which can be seen and touched is called 'Hardware'. "Main Sections of Computer Hardware: Input Section Output Section Processing Section Power Supply Section -Memory Section Computer Input Devices Input Section Data and instructions entered into the computer is called 'input'. Input is called 'invesh' in Gujarati.
The device used to enter instructions into the computer is called 'input device'. Keyboard Keyboard is the most common and commonly used input device. Keyboard is mainly used for typing and giving commands to the computer.
Keyboard has Alphabetic Keys: A, B, C, A to Z Type based on letter arrangement : QWERTY - DVORAK, AZERTY
Numerical Key in keyboard : 0 to 9 7 Function Key in keyboard : F1 to F12
Symbol Key in keyboard : + , - , $ , etc ...
Cursor Control Key : Home Key : To move the cursor to the beginning
End Key : To move the cursor to the end Page
Up Key : To go up one page
Page Down Key : To go down one page
Special Key : Enter Key : To enter / execute instructions To do
ESC (Escape) Key: to stop, the first key of the keyboard
SPACEBAR Key: to leave a space, the biggest key of the keyboard
TAB (Tabulation) Key: to leave five spaces at once
Delete Key: to delete the text on the right side
Backspace Key: To delete text on the left
Num Lock: Numbers can be typed when on. Scroll Lock: When on, the notifications on the screen will stay in one place.
Caps Lock: When on, characters are written in capital letters. Modifier Key I Combinational Key: Shift, Ctrl, All Pressing these three keys together stops the program running in the computer.
Mouse : Mouse is a pointing device. Inventor of mouse: Douglas Engelbart 0 When we click on an icon and move it, it is called 'drag and drop'. The mouse is connected to the PS-2 port or USB port on the motherboard. PS: Personal System
USB: Universal Serial Bus 0 Option to change mouse setting: Control Panel 0 Mouse has three buttons.
1) LMB: Left Mouse Button Single click and double click are done with 2 left mouse buttons.
2) RMB: Right Mouse Button . Right mouse button will open Option/Popup Menu.
3) MB: Middle Mouse Button (Scroll Button)
Trackball is used for scrolling, pointing device like mouse .Trackball is used to operate RADAR and SONAR machine.
RADAR : Radio Detection and Ranging
SONAR : Sound Navigation and Ranging
Joystick Joystick is used to play games in computer. A joystick has a lever (elevation). Which can be rotated in all directions. A joystick mainly consists of two buttons, known as 'triggers'.
A light pen is used to write text on the computer screen. Light pen is also used for digital signature. Digitizer Digitizer means Graphics Tablet “Digitizer is used to draw digital pictures.
Scanner : The scanner is used to convert the information on the paper (hard copy) into digital form The resolution of the scanner is measured in DPI (Dots per Inch).
Types of Computers :
Two main types of computers:- 1) Based on size 2) Based on operating system
PC (Personal Computer) Laptop (Notebook Computer) Types of Computers Micro Computers Computers used for personal use are called 'Micro Computers'.
Examples: Depending on size Ultracomputer (slim version of laptop) PDA (Personal Digital Assistance): Handheld Computer Tablet (slate tablet and convertible tablet) - Wearable computer (body-borne computer)
Mini computer Many microcomputers combined A computer that can do this is called a 'mini computer'. A mini computer mainly works as a server. people can work on the mini computer simultaneously.
Mainframe Computer Up to 100 people can work simultaneously on a mainframe computer. Maincam computer has huge storage capacity, Mainframe computer is used in Railway, Bank, Income Tax department etc. Mainframe computer speed is measured in MIPS. MIPS: Million Instructions per Second.
Supercomputer : Supercomputers are very large in size and very fast. Supercomputers are used for meteorological department and scientific research. Supercomputer speed is measured in FLOPS. FLOPS: Floating Point Operations per Second.
Mainly operating system: Linux ITI11) The world's first supercomputer: CRAY-1 © The world's first supercomputer working at a speed of 10 peta flops i.e. 101 ° flops: K Supercomputer (Japan) º Supercomputer Birthdate : Seymour Cray. India's first supercomputer : Param 8000
Param 8000 was manufactured by C-DAC Company in Pune. C - DAC : Center for Development of Advanced Computing 7 Father of India's supercomputer: Vijay Bhatkar (for contribution to Param 8000 computer . World's fastest supercomputer: Fugaku (Japan) (US) Hewlett Packard Enterprise currently the fastest in India Supercomputer: Pratyush frontier. Supercomputer developed by BARC (Bhabha Atomic Research Center): Anupam recently Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the 'Param Shivay' supercomputer.
To Know: India's First Computer: Siddharth The Siddharth computer was developed by the Electronics Corporation of India. High End Workstations High end workstations are used in multimedia production like animated movies, 3D modeling, CAD, CAM etc. CAD: Computer Aided Design CAM: Computer Aided Manufacturing High end workstations require a large amount of processing power, memory disk space, network bandwidth etc. for effective management. Based on the working principle, analog computers operate on analog signals.
Example: Speedometer, Seismograph An instrument used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake: A seismograph digital computer operates on 0 binary signals. Binary digits are 0 and 1. Inventor of Binary Digit (0 11): Gottfid Leibz Example: PC (Personal Computer) Hybrid Computer A combination of analog and digital computer. Example: ECG (Electrocardiogram)
Typical scanner can achieve a resolution of 72 to 600 DPI. The higher the resolution, the clearer the image. In terms of scanner size and shape, handheld scanners, sheet fed scanners, flatbed scanners etc. are available. Microphone” A microphone is used for audio input. That is Speech Recognition System Speech Recognition System: Converts voice into text and inputs it. Speech Text Web Camera 2 Web cameras are used in functions like video chatting and web broadcasting. BCR: Barcode Reader / Recognition BCR: Reads the barcode and inputs the information into the computer. Barcodes are made up of parallel lines of varying thickness, which is a standard notation system called UPC (Universal Product Code). The scanner reads the barcode printed in UPC format and converts it into the corresponding price.
Electronic Card Reader An electronic card reader reads information from small plastic cards called electronic cards. The data is read from the card and taken to the computer. ATM (Automated Teller Machine) cards and credit cards of banks are these types of plastic cards. In which the information of the cardholder is written. HIT 20 OMR : Optical Mark Reader I Recognition OMR reads the mark on the paper and inputs it into the computer.
OCR: Optical Character Reader/Recognition
OCR: Scans the text and types it into ASCII code in the computer. ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange
MICR: Magnetic Ink Character Reader/Recognition MICR: Reads the code written in magnetic ink on the bottom of a bank check and inputs it into the computer. Inc : Aryan oxide
Speech Device Speech input is used for long dictation of textual information in correspondence. Apart from this, speech input is also used to develop fully automated systems that process speech rather than speaking. Using this device, commands can be given directly by voice instead of typing, selecting or scanning commands. Vision Device Vision input is used in robots.
Who do dangerous jobs like flying planes and doing surgery. This type of input method is useful for people with disabilities and those who find it difficult to use computers. Camera is also used as an input device. For example, the authenticity of a user is determined automatically in a laptop or mobile or in the office with face recognition. Vision input is also used to understand QR (Quick Response) codes or read barcodes.
To know: Point and draw device: Instead of typing, some detail can be selected directly from the computer screen with a button. Devices that perform this type of work are called point and draw devices. This type of bridge is called 'GUI' (Graphical User Interface). Mouse, joystick, light pen, touchpad, trackball and touch screen are examples of point and draw devices.
